# Q3A · Network classifications and topologies

Subject: Computer Networks

Exam: TEE

Reader: https://deep-learning-study-room.vercel.app/cn/#tee/mocks/tee-mock-b/q3a

Canonical: https://deep-learning-study-room.vercel.app/read/cn/tee/mocks/tee-mock-b--q3a/

TEE · 100 attempted marks · solutions for every choice · current syllabus 702AI0C023

### TEE practice mock · Q3A. Define network topology. Explain star and bus topologies with diagrams, advantages and disadvantages; compare ring and mesh. [5 mock marks]

#### Answer

**Topology** is the arrangement of nodes and links. Physical topology describes actual links; logical topology describes how data flows. A switch-centred physical star is different from a shared collision-domain bus.

Swipe across the diagram to read its labels ↔

![Four physical network topologies](https://deep-learning-study-room.vercel.app/cn/fig/tee-topologies.d9e18f041b.svg)

Diagram: Four physical network topologies. Labels: Four physical network topologies | Four physical network topologies | Star | Bus | Ring | Full mesh: 4 nodes, 6 links | S | Links show arrangement. Actual access rules are a separate concept.

Star, bus, ring and full mesh; edges depict physical connections.

| Topology | Structure | Benefit | Limitation |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Bus | Devices share a common backbone | Simple small shared-medium layout | Backbone fault affects segment; collisions possible on classic shared bus |
| Star | Each device connects to a central switch/hub | Easy expansion and fault isolation | Central-device failure affects star; more cabling |
| Ring | Each node connected to two neighbours in a ring | Structured traversal; token-based variants coordinate access | Simple single-ring break can disrupt operation unless protected |
| Full mesh | Every pair has a direct link | Redundant paths and direct connectivity | Expensive ports/cabling: n(n−1)/2 undirected links |
| Tree/hybrid | Hierarchical stars or combined topologies | Scales into buildings/floors | Upper-level faults affect dependent branches |

#### Practical example

A lab normally uses a switch-centred star: unplugging one workstation cable isolates that workstation. A failed central switch can stop the whole lab unless redundancy is provided.