# Optical fiber: advantages and limits

Subject: Computer Networks

Exam: TEE

Reader: https://deep-learning-study-room.vercel.app/cn/#tee/read/physical/fiber

Canonical: https://deep-learning-study-room.vercel.app/read/cn/tee/read/physical--fiber/

TEE · Unit 2 · current syllabus 702AI0C023

### Practice question. How is transmission media classified? List the advantages and disadvantages of optical fiber. [5 practice marks]

#### Answer

Transmission media are classified into guided media (twisted pair, coaxial cable, optical fiber) and unguided media (radio, microwave, infrared).

Optical fiber carries data as light in a core surrounded by cladding. It is a guided medium. Single-mode fiber supports one main propagation mode and is used for long/high-capacity links; multimode supports multiple modes and is often used over shorter distances.

| Advantages | Disadvantages / design costs |
| --- | --- |
| High data capacity and low attenuation over suitable links | Optical transceivers, connectors and splicing add cost/skill requirements |
| Immune to electromagnetic interference; no electrical crosstalk | Tight bends, dirty connectors and poor installation increase loss |
| Electrical isolation between buildings | Fiber is mechanically sensitive and requires appropriate protection |
| Harder to tap casually than an unprotected radio channel | It is not automatically confidential; encryption/access control remain necessary |

#### Practical example

A campus backbone can use fiber between buildings to avoid electrical interference and achieve high capacity. Installers still need to respect bend radius and test connectors.

**Yaad rakho:** Fiber light carry karta hai; immunity means no EMI, not no security risk.