Disaster Management · M2 · about

Sources and corrections used in these notes

Portion and sources

Source details are kept outside the reading flow

Teaching material: the supplied 141-page M2 PDF, 118-page M1 PDF and two-page syllabus. Exam material: 59 recovered DM PDFs from the user-provided library archive, reconciled into 12 distinct sittings; answer schemes were checked for the recent four sittings. Authored practice is labelled separately from actual papers.

Corrections that affect answers

Love waves are surface waves; transform boundaries are different from divergent boundaries.
Seismic moment has units; moment magnitude is logarithmic. Unit conversions are shown before calculation.
The rational-method coefficient changes with the selected area and time units.
Earthquake early warning is not exact advance earthquake prediction.
Cyclone warnings can be issued in advance; use the IMD stage timing correctly.
Nisarga occurred in 2020. The major Uttarakhand/Kedarnath event studied here occurred in 2013.
Cordons follow assessed hazards; there are no universal separate P-wave, S-wave and surface-wave cordon rings.
River interlinking has conditional benefits and limitations; it is not a proven universal cure for mountain flash flooding.
Clinical or hazardous-material actions require appropriate training. Public protective guidance is kept separate from specialist operations.

Primary references used for technical checks

The guide is a study resource, not an official marking scheme. Where a source question contains an error, its wording is retained with a correction in the answer. Checking coverage and arithmetic improves reliability; it cannot guarantee a particular examination score.

Calculation provenance and exam priority

What the available papers show: the 12 recovered TEE sittings (1 December 2022 to 10 July 2026), containing 194 question parts, ask for explanations, comparisons, sketches, measures, checklists and case applications. No question in that set supplies values and requires a numerical calculation. The 1 December 2022 Q2A [10 marks] asks for the disaster equation and its components with an example; it is a theory question. This describes the available papers, not a restriction on a future examiner.

Optional material	Actual basis
Magnitude comparisons — optional authored practice	M2 PDF p 55 teaches the tenfold amplitude relation. The numerical values below were added for explanation; none is a recovered PYQ. The approximate energy-ratio relation is an external scientific extension (USGS), not a formula explicitly found in the supplied lecture text.
Seismic moment — optional lecture-formula practice	M2 PDF p 55 teaches seismic moment and moment magnitude. The three sets of values below were authored for practice, not taken from a recovered question paper. SI conversion and explicit unit conditions clarify the lecture formula.
Runoff — lecture-adapted and authored examples	The first two examples adapt the barren-land and township values in M2 PDF p 88, with the unit error corrected. The percentage-increase request, time conversion and 20-hectare example add practice. These are lecture examples or authored extensions, not PYQs.
Channel discharge — optional lecture-formula practice	M2 PDF p 100 prints Q = A × V in the desilting discussion. It supplies no drain dimensions or worked numerical. All three numerical scenarios below were authored for understanding, not recovered from exam papers.
Risk relationships — optional illustrative arithmetic	M1 PDF p 33 gives probability × impact; pp 34–40 explain disaster-risk components and capacity. All numbers below were authored as illustrations. The actual 1 December 2022 Q2A [10 marks] requires a conceptual explanation and example, not a numerical answer.

Practice question marks are authored targets. Actual PYQ marks are transcribed from the original paper. Numerical practice is supplementary; no future paper composition is inferred from the presence of a formula in a slide.