Disaster Management · M2 · papers
Definitions and the cycle
Solved M2 questions
2-mark and 3-mark practice · full answers below each question
Practice question. Differentiate between a hazard and a disaster with an example. [2 practice marks]
Answer
A hazard has the potential to cause harm, whereas a disaster is the serious disruption produced when that hazard affects exposed and vulnerable people or assets. A river rising is a flood hazard; widespread inundation that disrupts homes, hospitals and livelihoods is a flood disaster.
Practice question. Explain vulnerability and capacity with one example each. [2 practice marks]
Answer
Vulnerability is a condition that increases susceptibility to a hazard; an unreinforced building is vulnerable to earthquake damage. Capacity is the combination of skills and resources available to manage risk; trained rescue teams and safe shelters increase a community’s capacity.
Practice question. Explain the disaster management cycle with examples. [3 practice marks]
Answer
The cycle is a continuous sequence of risk reduction, readiness, emergency action and recovery.
- Prevention and mitigation: avoid unsafe development and strengthen vulnerable buildings.
- Preparedness: arrange warnings, evacuation routes, drills and emergency supplies.
- Response: rescue people, provide urgent care and distribute essentials.
- Recovery: restore services and livelihoods; rehabilitation and reconstruction should build back better.