# Cyclone questions Subject: Disaster Management Exam: M2 Reader: https://deep-learning-study-room.vercel.app/dm/#m2/papers/m2-questions/cyclones Canonical: https://deep-learning-study-room.vercel.app/read/dm/m2/papers/m2-questions--cyclones/ 2-mark and 3-mark practice · full answers below each question ### Practice question. Explain the formation of a tropical cyclone. [3 practice marks] #### Answer 1. Warm ocean water supplies moist air; the air rises and condensation releases heat. 2. The low-pressure system draws in more air, which rotates under the Coriolis effect. 3. When atmospheric conditions remain favourable, organised thunderstorms intensify around the centre, forming a mature cyclone that may contain an eye and eyewall. #### Real case · Phailin, 2013 India reported pre-emptive evacuation of more than one million people before Cyclone Phailin. This is a real example of warning linked to action. For a formation question, keep the physical process separate; for management, explain how evacuation reduces exposed people’s immediate risk. [Case reference ↗](https://www.pib.gov.in/newsite/erelcontent.aspx?lang=2®=48&relid=105888) ### Practice question. Describe the three major destructive effects of cyclones. [3 practice marks] #### Answer 1. **Strong winds:** damage roofs and lifelines and produce dangerous flying debris. 2. **Heavy rainfall:** causes river and urban flooding and can destabilise slopes. 3. **Storm surge:** raises coastal water levels, inundates settlements and contaminates freshwater and farmland with salt water. #### Real case · Phailin, 2013 India reported pre-emptive evacuation of more than one million people before Cyclone Phailin. This is a real example of warning linked to action. For a formation question, keep the physical process separate; for management, explain how evacuation reduces exposed people’s immediate risk. [Case reference ↗](https://www.pib.gov.in/newsite/erelcontent.aspx?lang=2®=48&relid=105888) ### Practice question. List the four stages of cyclone warning with their lead times. [3 practice marks] #### Answer 1. Pre-cyclone watch: about 72 hours before adverse weather. 2. Cyclone alert: about 48 hours before adverse weather. 3. Cyclone warning: about 24 hours before adverse weather. 4. Post-landfall outlook: about 12 hours before landfall, describing likely inland effects after crossing. #### Real case · Phailin, 2013 India reported pre-emptive evacuation of more than one million people before Cyclone Phailin. This is a real example of warning linked to action. For a formation question, keep the physical process separate; for management, explain how evacuation reduces exposed people’s immediate risk. [Case reference ↗](https://www.pib.gov.in/newsite/erelcontent.aspx?lang=2®=48&relid=105888) ### Practice question. Explain three cyclone mitigation and preparedness measures. [3 practice marks] #### Answer 1. **Resilient construction and land use:** build to suitable wind-resistant standards and avoid high-risk surge zones. 2. **Shelters and evacuation:** provide accessible shelters, safe roads and rehearsed transport arrangements. 3. **Warnings and community readiness:** communicate official forecasts clearly and train volunteers and residents to act in time. #### Real case · Phailin, 2013 India reported pre-emptive evacuation of more than one million people before Cyclone Phailin. This is a real example of warning linked to action. For a formation question, keep the physical process separate; for management, explain how evacuation reduces exposed people’s immediate risk. [Case reference ↗](https://www.pib.gov.in/newsite/erelcontent.aspx?lang=2®=48&relid=105888)