# Q1C · Discuss in detail four key NGOs in Disaster Management.

Subject: Disaster Management

Exam: TEE

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Actual older TEE paper · 100 marks · Q1 compulsory; any four of Q2–Q7

### Q1C. Discuss in detail four key NGOs in Disaster Management. [4 marks]

#### Answer

NGOs can complement public authorities through local knowledge, relief, inclusion, training and recovery. They should coordinate needs assessment, avoid duplication and remain accountable to affected people.

1. **SEEDS.** Works on disaster response, resilience, community skills and safer built environments.
2. **Goonj.** Connects material relief and community-led work with dignity and recovery needs.
3. **ActionAid Association.** Supports inclusive emergency preparedness, response and recovery, with attention to marginalised communities.
4. **CARE.** Provides humanitarian support across emergencies, including essential needs and recovery activities through its programmes and partners.

An NGO is not the incident-command authority merely because it provides relief. Clear roles and coordination with designated authorities are necessary.

#### Illustrative application · Local knowledge in a response plan

Residents can identify an elderly neighbour needing assistance and a lane that becomes inaccessible in rain. Authorities and trained volunteers can incorporate that knowledge into routes and assistance plans. Participation contributes practical information; it does not replace professional hazard assessment.