# Q4A · Discuss in detail with a neat sketch Risk Mapping and explain in detail the four step…

Subject: Disaster Management

Exam: TEE

Reader: https://deep-learning-study-room.vercel.app/dm/#tee/papers/paper-2023-05-04/q4a

Canonical: https://deep-learning-study-room.vercel.app/read/dm/tee/papers/paper-2023-05-04--q4a/

Actual older TEE paper · 100 marks · Q1 compulsory; any four of Q2–Q7

### Q4A. Discuss in detail with a neat sketch Risk Mapping and explain in detail the four steps of Risk Mapping. Also elaborate in brief the significance of Risk Mapping. [10 marks]

#### Answer

**Definition.** Risk assessment identifies hazards and evaluates exposure, vulnerability and capacity to understand possible losses and priorities. Risk mapping represents that information geographically.

Swipe across the diagram to read its labels ↔

![GIS combines location-based layers for decisions](https://deep-learning-study-room.vercel.app/dm/fig/gis.9072f68acf.svg)

Diagram: GIS combines location-based layers for decisions. Labels: GIS combines location-based layers for decisions | GIS combines location-based layers for decisions | Hazard layer | Flood extent / slope / drought | Exposure layer | People, homes, roads, hospitals | Resources layer | Shelters, teams, water supply | Decision supported | Which places face danger? Who needs | assistance? Which route is usable? Where | should resources go? | Check data dates, accuracy and field reports; a map is decision support.

Hazard information combined with exposed assets and vulnerability supports risk-based decisions.

1. **Identify risk:** determine what can happen, where and to whom. For a flood, gather past inundation, low ground, river and settlement data.
2. **Assess risk:** examine likelihood, depth/velocity, people and assets, construction and coping capacity. Rank areas by potential harm.
3. **Communicate risk:** provide understandable maps, warnings and explanations to planners, responders and residents. Include uncertainty and local accessibility needs.
4. **Mitigate risk:** apply zoning, drainage improvements, shelters, evacuation and training; update the assessment after changes.

## Analysis and assessment

| Disaster analysis | Damage / needs assessment |
| --- | --- |
| Explains why and how an event produced losses. | Estimates what has been damaged and what assistance is needed. |
| Investigates mechanisms, vulnerabilities and failures. | Measures affected people, services, losses and recovery requirements. |
| Uses event data, models and causal investigation. | Uses surveys, inspections, inventories and field reports. |
| Supports long-term prevention and improved planning. | Supports relief allocation and recovery priorities. |

This comparison concerns **post-disaster damage/needs assessment**. Assessment is not restricted to after a disaster: pre-event risk assessments are essential too. Neither word guarantees greater accuracy by itself.

#### Real programme and application · Satellite flood mapping

NRSC’s disaster-management support uses space-based information to assist decisions. A flood map can be combined with settlement and road layers to identify affected access routes. The imagery shows conditions at a particular observation time; responders must check its age and ground accuracy.

[Case reference ↗](https://www.nrsc.gov.in/nrscnew/Apps_DMS_overview.php?lang_code=en)