# Q1C · Elaborate in brief any 5 measures that can be adopted to avoid flooding of Rivers.

Subject: Disaster Management

Exam: TEE

Reader: https://deep-learning-study-room.vercel.app/dm/#tee/papers/paper-2023-07-05/q1c

Canonical: https://deep-learning-study-room.vercel.app/read/dm/tee/papers/paper-2023-07-05--q1c/

Actual older TEE paper · 100 marks · Q1 compulsory; any four of Q2–Q7

### Q1C. Elaborate in brief any 5 measures that can be adopted to avoid flooding of Rivers. [5 marks]

#### Answer

Swipe across the diagram to read its labels ↔

![Four complementary flood-risk measures](https://deep-learning-study-room.vercel.app/dm/fig/flood-measures.8571e23804.svg)

Diagram: Four complementary flood-risk measures. Labels: Four complementary flood-risk measures | Four complementary flood-risk measures | 1 · Storage | Wetlands and detention hold water and reduce | a peak. | 2 · Drainage | Maintain flow paths, culverts and outfalls. | 3 · Land-use control | Keep vulnerable development outside mapped | floodways. | 4 · Warning and evacuation | Move people on safe routes while access | remains usable. | floodway | safe site | people | shelter

Risk reduction combines storage, protected land use, maintained conveyance and safe evacuation.

1. **Maintain the catchment and natural storage.** Protect wetlands and floodplains and restore suitable vegetation. These measures slow runoff and store part of the floodwater, although they cannot eliminate extreme floods.
2. **Manage channels and drainage.** Remove blockages and maintain bridges, culverts and drains. Engineering surveys should guide selective desilting; indiscriminate excavation can damage banks and ecosystems.
3. **Use storage and coordinated reservoir operation.** Detention basins and reservoirs can hold water and release it more slowly. Forecasts, operating rules and downstream warnings are essential because storage and outlet capacity are finite.
4. **Apply floodplain zoning and resilient construction.** Keep new critical facilities outside high-risk zones. Where occupation is permitted, use suitable raised floors, protected utilities and evacuation access to reduce losses.
5. **Combine protection with warning and preparedness.** Appropriately designed embankments or levees protect selected areas, but can overtop or fail. Maintain them, issue actionable forecasts, mark escape routes and provide safe shelters for the remaining risk.

#### Real case and learning connection · Mumbai floods, 2005

The Mumbai flood case links intense rainfall with urban drainage and development conditions. For an answer on mitigation, explain how maintaining drainage and protecting water-storage spaces address specific pathways of flooding; do not claim that any single measure prevents every extreme event.

[Case reference ↗](https://nidm.gov.in/PDF/Newsletter/6_nov_2005.pdf)