# Q4B · Discuss in detail any five mitigation measures for prevention of Landslides with neat…

Subject: Disaster Management

Exam: TEE

Reader: https://deep-learning-study-room.vercel.app/dm/#tee/papers/paper-2023-07-05/q4b

Canonical: https://deep-learning-study-room.vercel.app/read/dm/tee/papers/paper-2023-07-05--q4b/

Actual older TEE paper · 100 marks · Q1 compulsory; any four of Q2–Q7

### Q4B. Discuss in detail any five mitigation measures for prevention of Landslides with neat sketches as applicable. [10 marks]

#### Answer

Swipe across the diagram to read its labels ↔

![Landslide mechanisms require different solutions](https://deep-learning-study-room.vercel.app/dm/fig/slope.38d4f3b001.svg)

Diagram: Landslide mechanisms require different solutions. Labels: Landslide mechanisms require different solutions | Landslide mechanisms require different solutions | Rotational slide | Topple | Curved slip surface | Drainage / stabilisation / safer siting | Block rotates forward | Assess joints, toe support and water | Measures must follow site investigation; vegetation alone does not stop every failure.

Drainage and stabilisation must match the slope and failure mechanism.

## Four causes

1. **Rainfall and saturation.** Water increases pore pressure and reduces effective resistance along a potential slip surface. Prolonged or intense rain can therefore destabilise an already weak slope.
2. **Earthquake shaking.** Shaking adds dynamic forces and can dislodge fractured rock or weaken soil. Unstable slopes may fail during or after a strong earthquake.
3. **Loss of support or vegetation.** River erosion, road cutting and excavation remove support at the toe; loss of roots can reduce shallow soil reinforcement.
4. **Weak or unfavourable geology.** Steep slopes, weathered material and joints or bedding dipping toward the valley can make movement easier. Construction loads may further disturb the balance.

## Four mitigation measures

1. **Control water.** Maintain surface drains and, where designed, subsurface drainage. Diverting water safely reduces saturation; do not discharge it onto another unstable slope.
2. **Stabilise the slope.** Qualified engineers can use retaining structures, anchors, soil nails or regrading after investigation. The design must suit the failure mechanism and include drainage.
3. **Protect cover and regulate land use.** Restore suitable vegetation, limit quarrying and avoid unsafe toe cutting or building on unstable ground. Vegetation helps some shallow failures but cannot stop every deep landslide.
4. **Map, monitor and prepare.** Use susceptibility maps, rainfall observations and movement indicators to prioritise closures and evacuation. Mark safe routes and train residents to report new cracks or tilting structures.

**Fifth measure: reduce exposure.** Where stabilisation is unreliable or impractical, restrict access or relocate threatened assets through fair, planned processes. This protects people even when the slope hazard remains.

#### Illustrative application · A road cut after prolonged rain

Removing support at the base of a slope and allowing water to enter can reduce stability. An appropriate response investigates ground conditions, improves drainage and uses engineered support or safer siting. The correct design is site-specific, not a universal wall for every slope.