# Q2B · Explain in detail 5 types of adverse effect of Disasters citing relevant examples of …

Subject: Disaster Management

Exam: TEE

Reader: https://deep-learning-study-room.vercel.app/dm/#tee/papers/paper-2024-12-10/q2b

Canonical: https://deep-learning-study-room.vercel.app/read/dm/tee/papers/paper-2024-12-10--q2b/

Actual older TEE paper · 100 marks · Q1 compulsory; any four of Q2–Q7

### Q2B. Explain in detail 5 types of adverse effect of Disasters citing relevant examples of disaster caused by each. [10 marks]

#### Answer

1. **Human impacts.** Deaths, injuries, displacement and psychological distress affect individuals and communities; a building collapse illustrates immediate injury risk.
2. **Physical damage.** Homes, schools, hospitals, roads and lifelines may be damaged, interrupting services.
3. **Economic and livelihood loss.** Asset damage and disrupted production, trade and employment can create prolonged hardship after flooding.
4. **Social disruption.** Education, family networks, care arrangements and community institutions may be interrupted, with unequal effects across groups.
5. **Environmental harm.** Pollution, erosion, habitat damage and hazardous debris can affect water, soil and ecosystems and create secondary risks.

## Connect every effect to an example

| Effect | Illustrative disaster example |
| --- | --- |
| Human | A major earthquake can injure occupants of collapsed buildings and displace families needing shelter and support. |
| Physical | Floodwater can damage a power substation, interrupting electricity to otherwise undamaged neighbourhoods. |
| Economic | Drought can reduce farm output and wages, affecting food access and debt long after the rainfall deficit begins. |
| Social | A cyclone that damages schools and separates households can interrupt education, care and community support networks. |
| Environmental | An oil spill can contaminate shorelines and habitats, while also harming fishing livelihoods. |

These categories interact: physical damage to a bridge may interrupt school access and trade, producing social and economic effects. Some losses are direct, such as a destroyed house; others are indirect, such as lost income from prolonged transport disruption. Describe the causal connection rather than listing the category alone.

#### Illustrative application · Two communities exposed to the same hazard

Two settlements may face similar heavy rain but experience different losses because of drainage, housing, warnings and ability to evacuate. The example separates the hazardous event from exposure, vulnerability and capacity, which together influence disaster risk.