# Q2B · Explain in detail causes for occurrence of disaster citing relevant examples of disas…

Subject: Disaster Management

Exam: TEE

Reader: https://deep-learning-study-room.vercel.app/dm/#tee/papers/paper-2025-02-25/q2b

Canonical: https://deep-learning-study-room.vercel.app/read/dm/tee/papers/paper-2025-02-25--q2b/

Actual older TEE paper · 100 marks · Q1 compulsory; any four of Q2–Q7

### Q2B. Explain in detail causes for occurrence of disaster citing relevant examples of disaster caused by each. [10 marks]

#### Answer

| Hazard group | Explanation | Typical disaster |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Geological | Processes of the solid Earth, such as fault rupture or slope failure. | An earthquake or landslide disaster. |
| Hydrometeorological | Water and weather processes such as intense rain, river flow or cyclone winds. | River flooding or a cyclone disaster. |
| Biological | Pathogens or biological agents affecting populations. | An epidemic. |
| Technological | Failures or hazardous releases involving industrial or engineered systems. | Bhopal industrial gas disaster. |
| Environmental | Degradation or pollution that harms ecosystems and can increase other risks. | Severe toxic contamination affecting water, livelihoods and health. |

Categories can overlap and trigger cascading impacts. For example, an earthquake is geological, but a resulting industrial release is a secondary technological hazard.

A disaster is produced by the interaction between the trigger and exposure, vulnerability and capacity. Consequently, “natural cause” describes the trigger but does not mean unsafe construction, exclusion or poor planning had no part in the losses.

#### Illustrative application · Two communities exposed to the same hazard

Two settlements may face similar heavy rain but experience different losses because of drainage, housing, warnings and ability to evacuate. The example separates the hazardous event from exposure, vulnerability and capacity, which together influence disaster risk.