Disaster Management · TEE · papers
Q4B · Critically evaluate the five preparedness measures for mitigating the effects of eart…
2025-02-25 · Semester V re-exam
Actual older TEE paper · 100 marks · Q1 compulsory; any four of Q2–Q7
Q4B. Critically evaluate the five preparedness measures for mitigating the effects of earthquakes and droughts in an area. [10 marks]
Answer
Earthquakes
- Assess and strengthen buildings. Use qualified structural assessment, appropriate seismic design and retrofitting. This reduces vulnerability but requires resources and competent execution.
- Secure non-structural hazards. Anchor tall furniture and heavy equipment and keep exits clear. This reduces falling-object injuries but cannot compensate for an unsafe main structure.
- Rehearse protective action and accountability. Practise Drop, Cover and Hold On, safe movement after shaking, assistance and headcounts. Repeated, evaluated drills make plans usable.
- Prepare communication and essential resources. Keep verified contacts, first-aid supplies, water and backup communications. Supplies must be maintained and accessible.
- Plan coordinated response and continuity. Identify shelters, emergency access, trained responders and backup arrangements for hospitals and utilities. Review the plan as population, staff and risks change.
Earthquake preparedness manages likely consequences; it does not provide reliable prediction of the exact date, place and magnitude of the next earthquake.
Droughts
| Preparedness measure | How it helps | Limitation / condition |
|---|---|---|
| Monitor rainfall, soil moisture, storage and groundwater with trigger levels. | Recognises developing shortage and activates an agreed plan earlier. | Data must be current and interpreted for local seasons; one dry day does not define drought. |
| Prepare a fair water-allocation and demand-management plan. | Protects drinking water and essential services while controlling avoidable demand. | Requires enforceable, equitable rules and a realistic water budget. |
| Arrange tested contingency drinking-water supplies. | Identifies reliable sources, safe transport and quality testing before severe shortage. | Tankers and temporary sources are costly and cannot replace long-term secure supply. |
| Prepare livelihood, crop and fodder advisories and support. | Helps households adjust decisions and protects vulnerable livelihoods. | Advice must match local crops, rainfall prospects and available resources. |
| Assign responsibilities, communications and relief readiness. | Specifies who issues advisories, assists vulnerable households and reviews progress. | Plans and contacts must be updated; a written plan without resources is insufficient. |
Long-term recharge, efficient irrigation and crop planning are mitigation measures. Preparedness ensures that agreed actions and support can be activated when a drought develops. Neither guarantees that rainfall deficiency will not recur.