# Q3A · State and elaborate in detail 4 Perspectives of Disaster Management, citing suitable …

Subject: Disaster Management

Exam: TEE

Reader: https://deep-learning-study-room.vercel.app/dm/#tee/papers/paper-2026-02-12/q3a

Canonical: https://deep-learning-study-room.vercel.app/read/dm/tee/papers/paper-2026-02-12--q3a/

Actual TEE paper · 100 marks · 3 hours · Q1 + any four of Q2–Q7

### Q3A. State and elaborate in detail 4 Perspectives of Disaster Management, citing suitable examples for each of the perspectives. [10 marks]

#### Answer

**Definition.** A disaster can be studied through physical events, social structures, economic consequences and governance. Each perspective highlights a different reason for the observed losses.

| Perspective | What it asks | Example |
| --- | --- | --- |
| General / hazard-centred | What happened, how intense was it and what immediate response is required? | Study the earthquake source, shaking and rescue needs. |
| Socio-cultural | How do social roles, inequality, trust and local knowledge shape losses and recovery? | Warnings that exclude a language group may fail that community. |
| Economic | What are direct losses, interrupted livelihoods and long-term development effects? | A damaged shop loses both assets and future business income. |
| Political / governance | How do rules, enforcement, representation and coordination shape risk? | Permission for unsafe development and weak inspections can increase losses. |

## Classify impacts clearly

**Physical** impacts include structural and lifeline damage. **Social** impacts include displacement, health effects, education disruption and trauma. **Economic** impacts include repair costs, production losses and livelihood disruption. **Ecological** impacts include habitat damage, erosion and contamination. The same event can create all four.

#### Illustrative application · Two communities exposed to the same hazard

Two settlements may face similar heavy rain but experience different losses because of drainage, housing, warnings and ability to evacuate. The example separates the hazardous event from exposure, vulnerability and capacity, which together influence disaster risk.