# Q5A · The area faces Coastal Flash Floods frequently. Recommend any 4 mitigation measures t…

Subject: Disaster Management

Exam: TEE

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Actual TEE paper · 100 marks · 3 hours · Q1 + any four of Q2–Q7

### Q5A. The area faces Coastal Flash Floods frequently. Recommend any 4 mitigation measures that can be adopted for the same. Describe and justify your suggestion in detail with sketches. [10 marks]

#### Answer

Swipe across the diagram to read its labels ↔

![Coastal flood: four measures and the risk each reduces](https://deep-learning-study-room.vercel.app/dm/fig/coastal-four.57a97d3a0e.svg)

Diagram: Coastal flood: four measures and the risk each reduces. Labels: Coastal flood: four measures and the risk each reduces | Coastal flood: four measures and the risk each reduces | 1 · Risk-informed land use | Keep new critical facilities outside mapped | surge / flood areas. | 2 · Drainage and protection | Maintain outfalls; use assessed engineered | protection where suitable. | 3 · Shelter and safe access | Provide accessible safe shelters and routes | outside the hazard. | 4 · Warning and evacuation | Send clear alerts and move people before | routes become unsafe. | flood zone | safe | water | safe route | official alert | act early | Transport + assistance + headcounts | Each measure reduces a different part of risk; none guarantees zero flooding. | Protection may overtop; drainage can back up when coastal water is high.

Coastal flooding can combine rainfall, high tide, surge and blocked drainage. The four labelled panels match the four measures below.

1. **Risk-informed coastal land use.** Use surge and flood maps to control exposed development and locate critical infrastructure safely. Protect mangroves and appropriate coastal vegetation as part of a wider protection system, not a guaranteed barrier against every surge.
2. **Drainage and protective works.** Maintain drains and outfalls and use engineered embankments, sea walls or detention where justified by local studies. Consider overtopping, erosion and downstream effects; combine works with warning and evacuation.
3. **Shelters and evacuation access.** Provide accessible shelters outside surge and flood zones, linked by reliable routes. Practise transport, headcounts and support for people needing assistance so that shelter capacity becomes usable protection.
4. **Warning and last-mile communication.** Use official forecasts, clear action messages and several communication channels. A forecast must reach fishers, visitors and people without smartphones, with enough time and support to act.

#### Real case and learning connection · Mumbai floods, 2005

The Mumbai flood case links intense rainfall with urban drainage and development conditions. For an answer on mitigation, explain how maintaining drainage and protecting water-storage spaces address specific pathways of flooding; do not claim that any single measure prevents every extreme event.

[Case reference ↗](https://nidm.gov.in/PDF/Newsletter/6_nov_2005.pdf)