# Units 3–4: management and applications

Subject: Disaster Management

Exam: TEE

Reader: https://deep-learning-study-room.vercel.app/dm/#tee/revision/revision-tee/units34

Canonical: https://deep-learning-study-room.vercel.app/read/dm/tee/revision/revision-tee--units34/

All five units: a compact final pass

**Definition.** Disaster management is the organised process of preventing or reducing risk, preparing for emergencies, responding to impacts and supporting recovery.

Swipe across the diagram to read its labels ↔

![The management cycle continues after recovery](https://deep-learning-study-room.vercel.app/dm/fig/cycle.4dd3905659.svg)

Diagram: The management cycle continues after recovery. Labels: The management cycle continues after recovery | The management cycle continues after recovery | Risk reduction | Prevention and mitigation: avoid risk or | reduce losses. | Preparedness | Plans, warnings, training and resources to | act. | Response | Urgent protection, rescue and essential | assistance. | Recovery | Restore services and livelihoods; rebuild | safer. | Lessons improve the next cycle

The cycle repeats: lessons from recovery must improve prevention and preparedness.

| Stage | Meaning | One clear example |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Prevention | Avoid a risk where possible. | Keep a new school out of an active floodway. |
| Mitigation | Reduce the severity of losses. | Strengthen an existing school against shaking. |
| Preparedness | Build readiness to act. | Prepare evacuation routes and conduct drills. |
| Response | Take urgent life-saving action. | Rescue trapped people and provide emergency shelter. |
| Recovery | Restore services and livelihoods. | Restore water, power and access to education. |
| Rehabilitation / reconstruction | Restore functioning and rebuild damaged systems more safely. | Rebuild homes to appropriate safety standards. |

## Why some diagrams show four stages

The four-stage cycle uses **mitigation → preparedness → response → recovery**. Prevention is treated with risk reduction; rehabilitation and reconstruction are included in recovery. The six-stage version separates them for explanation. These activities overlap; response can begin before impact, for example by evacuating after a cyclone warning.

## Build Back Better

Recovery should reduce future risk. Rebuilding the same weak house in the same floodway may restore yesterday’s vulnerability. Safer siting, stronger design, accessible services and restored livelihoods improve resilience.

## Ten ethics names

Solidarity, Joint responsibility, Non-discrimination, Humanity, Impartiality, Neutrality, Co-operation, Territorial sovereignty, Prevention, Role of media

## Ten drill headings

Risk assessment → objectives → exits → assembly → communication → roles → inclusion → services → accountability → review.

## GIS answer

Definition → data layers → what each layer reveals → decision/action → example → limitations. Keep the requested hazard and phase in every point.

## METHANE

Major incident; Exact location; Type; Hazards; Access; Number and condition of casualties; Emergency services.