Disaster Management · TEE · papers
Q2B · Explain in detail 5 types of adverse effect of Disasters citing relevant examples of …
2024-12-10 · Semester V final
Actual older TEE paper · 100 marks · Q1 compulsory; any four of Q2–Q7
Q2B. Explain in detail 5 types of adverse effect of Disasters citing relevant examples of disaster caused by each. [10 marks]
Answer
- Human impacts. Deaths, injuries, displacement and psychological distress affect individuals and communities; a building collapse illustrates immediate injury risk.
- Physical damage. Homes, schools, hospitals, roads and lifelines may be damaged, interrupting services.
- Economic and livelihood loss. Asset damage and disrupted production, trade and employment can create prolonged hardship after flooding.
- Social disruption. Education, family networks, care arrangements and community institutions may be interrupted, with unequal effects across groups.
- Environmental harm. Pollution, erosion, habitat damage and hazardous debris can affect water, soil and ecosystems and create secondary risks.
Connect every effect to an example
| Effect | Illustrative disaster example |
|---|---|
| Human | A major earthquake can injure occupants of collapsed buildings and displace families needing shelter and support. |
| Physical | Floodwater can damage a power substation, interrupting electricity to otherwise undamaged neighbourhoods. |
| Economic | Drought can reduce farm output and wages, affecting food access and debt long after the rainfall deficit begins. |
| Social | A cyclone that damages schools and separates households can interrupt education, care and community support networks. |
| Environmental | An oil spill can contaminate shorelines and habitats, while also harming fishing livelihoods. |
These categories interact: physical damage to a bridge may interrupt school access and trade, producing social and economic effects. Some losses are direct, such as a destroyed house; others are indirect, such as lost income from prolonged transport disruption. Describe the causal connection rather than listing the category alone.